"Abortion is banned in Idaho at all stages of pregnancy, but the governor on Wednesday signed another law making it illegal to provide help within the state's boundaries to minors seeking an abortion without parental consent.
The new law is obviously aimed at abortions obtained in other states, but it's written to criminalize in-state behavior leading to the out-of-state procedure " a clear nod to the uncertainty surrounding efforts by lawmakers in at least half a dozen states to extend their influence outside their borders when it comes to abortion law.
At the same time, Democrat-controlled states are advancing and adopting laws and executive orders intended to shield their residents against civil lawsuits and criminal investigations related to providing abortions for women from states where there are bans.
But there is no legal precedent giving good guidance about whether states can influence their residents getting abortions outside their borders.
"If red states pass laws saying, We can go after people for X, Y and Z,' and blue states say, You can't,' we're in uncharted territory," said Mary Ziegler, a legal historian at the University of California, Davis School of Law.
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Arguments about the laws could be rooted in key clauses of the U.S. Constitution that could contradict each other in this case. One clause requires states to respect the laws of other states while another recognizes the right to travel among states and a third restricts the ability of states to impair interstate commerce.
Legal experts say that no prior cases are exactly comparable, though state laws have conflicted in weighty ways in the past.
In the 1840s and 1850s, it was with questions over whether fugitive enslaved people in free states remained the property of slaveholders. In the 1857 Dred Scott decision, frequently cited as the worst ruling in U.S. history, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that they did.
More recently, before the nation's top court recognized a right to same-sex marriage in 2015, state marriage laws were a patchwork. Some states did not recognize marriages that were legal elsewhere, and all the protections that go with them, including hospital visitation rights and even the ability to divorce. The federal ruling largely resolved those legal conflicts.
The effort to restrict abortion in far-reaching ways is an outgrowth of last year's U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended a nationwide right to abortion.
Each state now makes its own rules. Abortion is banned in all stages of pregnancy in 13 states. Another five have similar bans on the books but are not being enforced under judge's orders as legal challenges to them are sorted out.
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Texas took a step toward state-border restrictions even before Roe was overturned with a 2021 law that allows civil lawsuits against a person who "aids or abets the performance or inducement of abortion." It does not specify whether the aid would have to happen within Texas. Oklahoma has a similar law.
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