"And that last line is ridiculous. I can barely think of anyone whose labor value is worth less than a living wage. Maybe special needs individuals?"
Well, you'd need to understand economics to figure this out. You might need to go to college, but I'll try to explain this in a way you can understand.
You have a lawn. You have a driveway. If you don't, you are likely close to someone who does. Lawns require mowing, weeding, landscaping, etc. In winter, driveways require snow removal. The person who owns the lawn and driveways is almost always 100% qualified to do landscaping and clear snow. Most would prefer to pay someone to do it. But if the cost of doing so is sufficiently high that the monetary cost is higher than the time cost, then the people who would have been employed to do these tasks are unemployable.
For $n, I'd pay someone to mow my lawn. If the government mandates that I pay someone >$n for that service, then I will do it myself. And the potential employee gets nothing.
Minimum wage is a two-way street. It tells employers that if they want to employ someone, they must pay $n. It also tells employees that, if their labor is not worth $n, they are not legally employable. Market-wise, your opinions on labor value are irrelevant.
"National Guard were requested seven times, and the Pentagon refused seven times."
National Guard units report to state governors. The Washington D.C. national Guard reports to the president. Depending on whom in the Pentagon you are referring to, National Guard members would have to be on title 10 orders for the regular military to deploy them. And that's beside the Posse Comitatus concerns.