As the fate of the hundreds of thousands of undocumented farm workers remains in limbo amid Donald Trump's mass deportation threats, and the administration's H-2A policies are undecided, the future of these guest workers remains unclear. Their numbers grow each year -- and they are increasingly central to an industry historically dominated by undocumented workers.
The industry isn't creating new jobs either. Farmers agree with farm workers like Mendez. They say they cannot attract other workers to their rural fields.
The debate over guest workers is dividing Republican support. Jonathan Berry, who was nominated to be the solicitor at the Department of Labor, wrote the labor chapter for Project 2025, the rightwing proposal to overhaul the government from the Heritage Foundation thinktank. That section advocates for replacing H-2A workers with local workers and automation. While technology could replace some specific farm tasks, many crops still depend primarily on human labor, and small farmers say they can't afford to invest in equipment that could take more than a decade to pay off.
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