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LauraMohr

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Sunday, December 14, 2025

Actor Dick Van Dyke had his 100th birthday Saturday. read more


Friday, December 12, 2025

What laptop do you all recommend? In the 200 dollar range. Any suggestions??


Friday, November 07, 2025

"It is with a great appreciation and heartfelt emotions that we write to share some sad news. After more than 200 years of sharing a unique blend of weather, wit and wisdom, we've made the very difficult decision to write the final chapter of this historical publication." read more


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www.newsnationnow.com

They had an open grand jury. ... And even after Maxwell's conviction, the case was on appeal " anyone in law enforcement knows you don't open your case file when it's still under appeal," Brown added.

Victims were still going to the FBI with information during Biden's term, but that changed when President Donald Trump's Department of Justice reviewed the files and closed the case in July, Brown said.

Charter Article 2(4) is a foundational principle banning member states from the threat or use of force against another state's territorial integrity or political independence, except for self-defense or UN Security Council authorization. It serves as the cornerstone of international law, prohibiting aggression and coercion, though debates continue over what constitutes "force" (e.g., cyberattacks, economic pressure) and when exceptions apply.
Key Provisions of Article 2(4)
Prohibition: "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations."
Core Concepts
Sovereignty: Protects the sovereign equality and borders of all states.
Prohibition of War: Outlaws aggressive war and military coercion.
Exceptions: Allows force only for individual/collective self-defense (Article 51) or when authorized by the Security Council (Chapter VII).
Interpretations & Debates
Definition of "Force": While mainly interpreted as military force, there's ongoing discussion on whether it includes cyberattacks, economic sanctions, or political coercion.
Self-Defense: Disputes exist over preemptive (anticipatory) self-defense against distant threats versus immediate, imminent attacks.
Significance
It's a fundamental rule of international law, considered a peremptory norm (jus cogens).
Violations, such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine, are often described as clear breaches of this article.

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