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... Despite their innocuous name, the threat posed by Active Clubs looms large. With their organization of and participation in public rallies -- particularly counter-protests -- coupled with a penchant for physicality, they stand as a powder keg ready to explode into violence.

Social media platforms -- both traditional and alternative -- provide a forum for recruiting and organizing that allows extremist groups to reach new audiences and find a like-minded audience for their content.

The genesis of Active Clubs is the Rise Above Movement (RAM), a California-based group masterminded by white supremacist Robert Rundo. Following the incarceration of three RAM members who participated in the violence at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville in August 2017, Rundo orchestrated a strategic shift for the group.

Out went the centralized structure of RAM, and in its place emerged the decentralized network of Active Clubs, hoping to fly under the radar of law enforcement and appeal to a broader audience of would-be recruits.

Active Clubs are deft at exploiting mainstream social media platforms for initial outreach efforts. However, when individuals are recruited, or events hit the planning stages, conversations shift to more clandestine and non-traditional messaging and digital forums, which are more challenging to monitor. ...

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