They don't have long range, self-guided cruise missiles that can strike a US carrier from 1000 miles away.

They have medium range ballistic missiles. The Circular Error Probable, the measurement of accuracy, of a Shahab-3 MRBM is 2.5 kilometers. The most recent MRBM, of which they had very few before this started, was based on a Chinese DF-15. The CEP on that is 300 meters, but it only goes 800km. To even attempt to hit a carrier you'd have to establish a sensor kill chain that can provide real time telemetry to the missile. If the missile is too fast, it is enveloped by an ionic sheath, so there's no comms going in or out. If the missile isn't fast enough, it's intercepted. If your kill chain sensors are detected, they're killed and you can't aim anything.

If you want to sink a US carrier, your best hope is a fuel cell hybrid diesel-electric submarine and torpedos. Preferably nuclear torpedos. Active sonar doesn't care how quiet you are, and the US has autonomous manta ray submarines and other exotic weapon systems hunting you down. The odds are not good.

but Iran's military isn't defeated. Not without the same level of viciousness we unleashed on the Japanese. Should have been content with decapitating their surrogates, destroying the centrifuges, regime change is a fools errand.