Historian Heather Cox Richardson writes about the Republican Senator in 1950 who took a stand against Republican Senator Joe McCarthy. "I do not want to see the Republican party ride to political victory on the Four Horsemen of Calumny--Fear, Ignorance, Bigotry, and Smear," Republican Senator Margaret Chase Smith of Maine said while McCarthy sat two rows behind her. "While it might be a fleeting victory for the Republican party, it would be a more lasting defeat for the American people. Surely it would ultimately be suicide for the Republican party and the two-party system that has protected our American liberties from the dictatorship of a one-party system."