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In 1995, the Italian novelist and critic Umberto Eco perceived a "ghost stalking Europe (not to speak of other parts of the world)." That ghost was fascism.
Eco explained that "fascism was a fuzzy totalitarianism, a collage of different philosophical and political ideas." Nonetheless he argued that "in spite of this fuzziness, I think it is possible to outline a list of features that are typical of what I would like to call Ur-Fascism, or Eternal Fascism."
Among the elements of Ur-Fascism ... .