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European Christmas markets are opening this year under tightened security and rising operational costs, as officials across Germany, France and other parts of Europe respond to what authorities describe as elevated threats to public safety.
In Germany, spending on security for public events " including Christmas markets " has increased by about 44% over the past three years, according to a new survey by the Federal Association of City and Town Marketing. Berlin's main market launched this season behind concrete barriers, enhanced video surveillance, and an expanded private security presence. Several smaller municipalities warn that the added requirements may force them to scale back or cancel markets next year.