"Was this study all immigrants or undocumented?"
All. But, I believe the programs they are looking at aren't accessible to illegal immigrants, unless they're obtained through fraud. Immigrants are 15% of the population but commit 5% of the welfare fraud; that's from another Cato study: www.cato.org
There's also this:
Immigrant and Native Consumption of Means-Tested Welfare and Entitlement Benefits in 2023
www.cato.org
Noncitizen immigrants"including those lawfully present in the United States on various temporary visas, lawful permanent residents, and illegal immigrants"consumed 53 percent less welfare than native-born Americans. Noncitizens were 7.5 percent of the population and consumed just 3.2 percent of all welfare. However, naturalized immigrants consumed 20 percent more welfare than native-born Americans because they were an older population"they consumed 6.6 times more Social Security and 5.4 times more Medicare than noncitizens on a per capita basis. Naturalized immigrants were 7.2 percent of the population and consumed 8 percent of welfare benefits.
And
"Other studies evaluating immigrant welfare participation and consumption use the household as the unit of analysis for all programs.9 However, we dispute this approach because many spouses and children of immigrants are native-born Americans."
See Also, and this is from a different source, hence the "high rate" comment:
cis.org
The high welfare use of immigrant households is not explained by an unwillingness to work. In fact, 83 percent of all immigrant households and 94 percent of illegal-headed households have at least one worker, compared to 73 percent of U.S.-born households.
There have already been 25 mass shootings in America in 2026, can anyone point to one our mainstream news outlets covered?
www.gunviolencearchive.org